KCSE 2011 HISTORY PAPER 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS AND TOPICAL ANALYZED QUESTION AND ANSWER.
KCSE 2011 HISTORY PAPER 1
PAPER 1
SECTION A
1. Give two unwritten sources of information on History and Government.
- Oral traditions/oral sources/riddles/myths
- Archaeology/paleontology
- Genetics
- Linguistics
- Anthropology
2. What was the main reason for the migration of the Eastern Bantu from Shungwaya during the pre-colonial period.
- Due to attacks by the Galla/attacks
3. Give two reasons why Kenyan Communities fought against each other during the pre-colonial period.
- Competition for land for cultivation/settlement.
- Competition for water/pasture.
- To demonstrate their military power.
- To raid for cattle.
4. Identify the two main item of trade from the interior of Kenya during the long distance trade.
- Ivory
- Slaves
KCSE 2011 HISTORY PAPER 1
5. Identify two contributions made by the early Christian missionaries in the field of education in Kenya.
- They set up schools/encouraged Africans to go to school.
- They taught Africans how to read/write.
- They taught Africans vocational skills
- They translated the Bible into African languages
- They wrote books/dictionary
6. Give the meaning of the term ‘national integration’
- It is the process of bringing together people of diverse backgrounds in a country.
7. What constitutional amendment made Kenya return to a multi-party state?
- Repeal of section 2A of the constitution in 1991.
8. Name the document which contain the Rights of the child in Kenya.
- The Children’s Act of 2001.
9. Identify two economic benefits of the Kenya Uganda railway during the colonial period.
- It facilitated the transportation of goods/services.
- It led to the development of urban centers.
- It facilitated the movement of traders/promoted trade.
- It opened up the interior for economic development. e.g. plantation agriculture and industry
- It led to the creation of employment opportunities.
- It led to development of other forms of transport & communication e.g. roads and telecommunication
- It was a major source of revenue for the colonial authority.
10. Give two ways through which the white settlers acquired land in Kenya during the colonial period.
- The colonial government provided land to the settlers.
- The white settlers bought land from the colonial government.
- The colonial government passed land legislations that encouraged white settlers to own land.
11. State two problems faced by trade union movement during the colonial period in Kenya.
- It had insufficient funds to run its activities.
- The colonial government harassed its leaders.
- Constant wrangling among the leaders which weakened the movement/poor leadership
- Most people did not support trade unions due to ignorance.
12. State one change introduced by the Lyttleton constitution of 1954 that benefitted the Africans in the struggle for independence.
- It led to the establishment of a multi-racial council of ministers to replace the Governor’s executive council.
- The ban on political organizations was lifted/allowed political organizations to operate at district level.
KCSE 2011 HISTORY PAPER 1
13. What was the main contribution of Thomas Joseph Mboya to the History of Kenya?
- He led/organized the trade union movement.
14. State the main functions of parliament in Kenya.
- To make laws.
15. Give one member of the AEMO at its inception in 1957.
- Daniel Arap Moi
- Masinde Muliro
- Lawrence Oguda
- James Muimi/James Nzau
- Tom Mboya
- Ronald Ngala
- Benard Mate
- Oginga Odinga
16. Name the education commission that recommended the introduction of 8:4:4 education system in Kenya.
- Mackay Report/Commission.
17. Give two external sources of Government revenue in Kenya.
- Loans
- Grants.
- Donations
KCSE 2011 HISTORY PAPER 1
SECTION B
18. [a]State five economic activities of the Borana during the pre-colonial period.
- They participated in trade.
- They kept livestock.
- They hunted wild animals.
- They were gatherers.
- They practiced crafts.
- They practiced fishing.
- They made iron tools.
- They grew food crops.
[b].Describe the social organization of the Maasai during the pre-colonial period.
- The lowest social unit was the family which comprised of the father,his wife/wives and children.
- Several related families formed a clan.
- The Maasai were organized into age groups/age sets which were made up of people who were circumcised at the same period.
- There was a warrior class whose duty was to defend the community/conduct raids.
- The Maasai believed in the existence of a supreme God Enkai, who was the creator of the universe.
- There was a religious leader,Laibon who mediated between the community and Enkai.
- They offered sacrifices to God in special places/celebrated the Eunoto ceremony that marked graduation into Moranhood.
- They believed in the existence of ancestral spirits whom they revered.
KCSE 2011 HISTORY PAPER 1
19.[a] State three reasons for the coming of the Portuguese to the Kenyan Coast in the 15th Century.
- They wanted to find a sea route to India.
- They wanted to spread Christianity/reduce the Muslim influence.
- They wanted to take part in the Coastal trade.
- To control strategic points on the East African Coast from other European rivals/to act as a supply basis for their sailing vessels.
- Due to desire for exploration/adventure.
[b]. Explain six effects of the Portuguese rule on the East African Coast.
- The Portuguese built Fort Jesus for defense purpose which later became a tourist attraction.
- Their harsh and cruel manner of suppressing rebellions led to loss of lives.
- They introduced new food crops which are staple foods for many Kenyans.
- Constant rebellions against the Portuguese rule interfered which the trading activities leading to its decline.
- The coastal towns that resisted Portuguese rule were destroyed and left in ruins.
- They educated the coastal people on how to use animal manure in farming and thus increasing crop yields.
- Some words borrowed from Portuguese language were used to enrich Kiswahili language.
- The Portuguese imposed heavy taxation which impoverished the coastal people.
- They fostered good relations between the EA coast and India.
20. [a] Identify three methods used by the British to establish their rule in Kenya.
- Signing treaties between colonial agents and African rulers/collaboration.
- Use of military attacks against unfriendly communities/use of force.
- Establishing administrative stations/operational basis.
- Offering gifts to friendly chiefs/treachery.
- Use of missionaries to pacify Africans through preaching.
[b]. Explain six results of the Nandi resistance against British occupation.
- The land belonging to the Nandi was alienated for white settlement.
- The Nandi lost their independence as the British established their rule
- The Nandi were resettled in reserves where they could not carry out their farming activities.
- They were forced to live as squatters on European farms where they provided cheap labour
- There was massive loss of life as the British forces raided/carried out punitive expeditions.
- The Nandi lost property which was either destroyed or confiscated by the British.
- The Nandi lost their military superiority in the region as they were subdued by the British.
- The Nandi warriors were conscripted into the colonial security forces.
KCSE 2011 HISTORY PAPER 1
21.[a] State five demands made by the East African Association (EAA) to the British Colonial Government in Kenya.
- They demanded for the return of alienated land.
- They wanted the colonial government to abolish hut/poll tax.
- They demanded for the abolition of the Kipande.
- They demanded for better working and living conditions.
- They demanded that elections to the legislative council be on a common roll.
- They demanded for the abolition of forced labour.
- They demanded for more education for Africans.
- They demanded an end to compulsory destocking.
- They demanded for the revocation of the colonial status in Kenya.
[b]. Explain five factors that promoted the rise of African nationalism in Kenya after 1945.
- Acquisition of Western Education by many Africans enabled them to understand political developments at international level and forcefully demanded for independence.
- The experiences of the ex-soldiers in the second world war made them realize that Europeans were not superior hence the demand for self rule.
- The realization by Britain that colonies were expensive to administer hence the need to grant them self rule/The rise to power of the British Labour Party.
- The granting of independence to India in 1947 inspired Africans to demand for political independence.
- The support given by pan-Africanists in demanding for political independence gave Africans confidence to press for political freedom.
- The decolonization policy by the United Nations inspired African nationalists to press on for independence.
- The failure by the colonial government to reward the ex-world war II soldiers increased the agitation for independence.
- The signing of the Atlantic charter in 1941.
SECTION C
22.[a] State three circumstances that can make a Kenyan citizen to be denied the right to life.
- When defending one self/property.
- When effecting a lawful arrest.
- When preventing escape of a lawfully detained person.
- When preventing a person from committing a crime/felony.
- In a situation of war.
- When suppressing a riot/rebellion/mutiny.
[b]. Explain six civic responsibilities of a Kenyan citizen.
- A responsible citizen pays tax to enable the government meet its financial obligation.
- To participate in community development activities to improve the welfare of people in the community.
- To participate in the democratic process by electing leaders/being elected to ensure good governance.
- To obey laws so as to enhance peace in the society.
- Takes care of the environment in order to promote healthy living.
- Prevents/fights corruption to promote proper utilization of resources by all.
- Promotes/protects the rights and freedom of all people in society for harmonious co-existence.
- Promotes the rule of law by reporting wrong doers/law breakers to the police.
- Participate in National debates.
23.[a] Give three reasons why general elections are important in Kenya.
- They provide Kenyans with an opportunity to choose political leaders.
- They enable Kenyans to exercise their democratic rights.
- They offer alternative ideas of running the government through different political parties manifestos/removal of leaders who have failed.
- It is a constitutional requirement.
- They make elected leaders/prospective leaders work hard to ensure that they are re-elected/elected.
KCSE 2011 HISTORY PAPER 1
[b]. Explain six functions of the body in charge of elections in Kenya.
- To maintain and revise the voters register to ensure it is up to date.
- To prepare, distribute and ensure safety of election materials/polling stations.
- To conduct voter education in the country in order to prepare citizens for the voting exercise.
- To conduct and supervise elections so as to ensure they are free and fair/appoint and train election officials.
- To conduct language proficiency tests for candidates interested in vying for different posts before nomination is carried out.
- To announce and provide a time-table to be followed during the election period.
- To receive nomination papers from the candidates cleared to vie by their political parties.
- To announce the results and declare the winners for the respective seats.
- Divides/delimits, names and review of electoral areas.
24.[a] Identify three social functions of local authorities.
- They issue trade licenses.
- They provide market areas.
- They provide employment opportunities.
- They approve building plans/provision of housing services.
- They impose cess/other levies.
- Provision of education services e.g. nursery and Primary education.
- Provision of health/sanitation services e.g. hospitals & mortuary services.
- Provision of entertainment facilities e.g. stadiums, social hall & parks.
- Provision of security and fire brigade services.
[b]. Explain six challenges facing local authorities in Kenya.
- Most local authorities have inadequate funds hence not able to provide quality services.
- Increased population has led to congestion in urban centers hence overstretching the social amenities.
- Corruption/mismanagement of funds by some officers has made it difficult for the local authorities to pay its employees and provide quality services.
- Some local authorities are too small to be able to sustain themselves.
- Influential politicians interfere with the running of the local authorities hence making it difficult for them to operate efficiently/lack of authority from central government.
- Increased crime rate has led to vandalization of properties belonging to local authorities hence leading to heavy losses. .
- The presence of Street families/children has contributed to insecurity/puts strain on provision of social services
- Slums have mushroomed which have interfered with proper planning leading to poor service delivery/poverty eradication.
- Poor disposal of waste has resulted to environmental degradation leading to outbreaks of diseases/epidemics.
- Shortage of qualified manpower/personnel.
- Traffic congestion.
