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SULPHUR AND ITS COMPOUND

SULPHUR AND ITS COMPOUND SULPHUR AND ITS COMPOUND:A.SULPHUR (S) Sulphur is an element in Group VI(Group 16)of the Periodic table . It has atomic number 16...

CARBON AND ITS COMPOUND

WATER AND HYDROGEN

HomeNotesHOMESCIENCE NOTESLAUNDRY EQUIPMENTS    

LAUNDRY EQUIPMENTS    

LAUNDRY EQUIPMENTS

LAUNDRY EQUIPMENTS  :The right equipment should always be used so as to acquire successful results.

Factors that determine the amount of equipment:

  • amount of money available for it,
  • space available in the house though some can be in built,
  • laundry equipments are grouped depending on type of function it is made to perform e.g
  1. washing equipment
  2. drying equipment
  3. finishing equipment
  4. storage equipment

(i) Washing equipment

Come in a variety of forms and materials

(a) Basins and bowls

  • plastics are most common,

Reasons:

  • they come in a variety of colours and shapes,
  • are light
  • are readily available –
  • fairly cheap

Galvanized

  • used for washing
  • can be for boiling

choice, use and care of basins and bowls

  • a lot of washing to be done

LAUNDRY EQUIPMENTS

Durability : good quality one and rust free

Design: should be well designed ones, comfortable when cleaning and easy to lift e.g ones with handle.

(b) Buckets and pails

For fetching water,

  • can be plastic/galvanized
  • advantages and disadvantages refer to basins.
  • Debes can be used in place of the two.

(c) sinks

Can be made of           (i) baked enamel

(ii) metal

(iii)terrazzo

  • should be deep enough to hold a lot of clothes,
  • may be fixed with taps hot and cold if possible

care, use and care of laundry

  • deep enough,
  • strong and durable,
  • should be for laundry work only
  • cleaning every after use

(d) Laundry brushes

  • are brushes that are either too stiff/nor too soft,
  • used for cleaning very dirt clothes parts e.g collars, pocket openings,
  • children’s clothes e.g derim, khaki.

Choice, use and care

  • should have a handle that doesn’t warp,
  • firmly fixed bristles,
  • don’t put pressure on bristles when storing,
  • removing fluffs when cleaning.

Washing machine

  • They are devices that are labour saving are effective for laundry work
  • Are time saving so good for pipe with little time for housework,

LAUNDRY EQUIPMENTS

Types of washing machines

(a) Machine with a wringer

  • Most basic machine,
  • Has a single washing tub and needs to be filled with water manually,
  • Draining of water also done manually using a bowl/horse pipe,
  • Washing action is by a timbler
  • The wringer is attached to the tip

(b) Twin tub

Two tubs are built into one body casing.

  • washing tub having a timbler/pilsato,
  • a spin dryer:- it has a perforated inner wall which water is extracted/removed from clothes by the forces set in motion by the spinner,
  • pipe normally filled for draining the water,

(c) The semi-automatic

Functions like the twin tub

Diff. clothes are put in one compartment and at one setting,

washing done and at another spin dryer is set in motion to wring out water

(d) Fully-automatic

  • It            washes
  • rinses
  • wrings
  • dries clothes at single setting of the controls

All the processes are timed and machine switches itself off automatically.  After the above clothes can be

  • pressed
  • aired
  • stored

Factors to consider when choosing a washing machine:

  • cost and maintenance
  • size and cleaning action to suit work intended,
  • always get instruction sheet for it,
  • get the guarantee for it for some period,
  • electrical connections should be in order and plug of correct voltage,
  • should be from a reliable firm that offers after sale services,
  • well designed and pleasant to work with e.g a top that can be used for other jobs e.g storing flowers,
  • one that is automatic so that one can attend to other jobs,
  • space in the house,

LAUNDRY EQUIPMENTS

Care of washing machines:

  • avoid overloading,
  • wiping every after use,
  • washing the inside occasionally with soapy water and removing stains,
  • leaving the door open after use to get rid of smells,
  • removing clothes immediately instruction for use and maintenance,

examples

  • indoor drying racks,
  • spin dryers,
  • tumble dryers – the two use electricity,
  • a clothes house – for drying kitchen clothes,
  • air dryer,
  • spin dryer,

choice, use and care of dryer

  • consider the amount of laundry handled, type should be appropriate
  • availability of fuel e.g spin dryers and tumble one where there is electricity,
  • economy of fuel,

Care

  • avoid overloading because it can get spoilt – consider their qualities when drying.

Pressing and ironing equipment

Clothes are ironed/pressed depending on the type of fabric.

  1. Ironing board:

Made of wood/metal,

  • may be attached to the wall approximately 1m from the floor,
  • normally padded and has a loose cover,
  • some have sleeve board for

(i) ironing sleeves,

(ii)children’s garments

Choice, use and care of ironing board

  • should be adjustable,
  • should have a heatproof mat for putting on the iron when ironing,
  • should not be one that wobbles,
  • should be one with a sleeve board,
  • should have a well fixed cover and well padded;

Care:

  • using a loose cover than can be cleaned frequently for board to remain clean,
  • oiling joint occasionally,
  • folding and storing against the wall/any flat surface,
  1. Ironing table

Good for flat items e.g beddings and table linen,

Choices

  • one made of plain wood because polished wood is easily scorched.

Use:

  • use a clean old blanket and sheet to give a smooth surface,
  • iron should be on a stand to present burning the sheet
  1. Mangle

It is an ironing equipment with two padded rollers through which items to be pressed are passed while applying heat and pressure.

NB:- Heat and pressure send be controlled to come up with good results.

Come for flat items like bedsheets, pillowcases, table linen, loose covers towels etc.

LAUNDRY EQUIPMENTS

  1. Irons

Charcoal irons:-

Advantages;

  • its cheap,
  • it is easy to maintain,
  • made of cast iron so exerts enough pressure on garments being ironed,
  • has a smooth back and vents that support burning of charcoal,

Charcoal, use of care of charcoal iron

  • should have a wooden handle comfortable to hold,
  • should have firmly fixed screws to avoid accidents,
  • should be well designed and attractive,
  • bid should be closed and charcoal to be hot before use,
  • cleaning one sole property before use
  • emptying the non after use and cooling it before storing on a stand,
  • not dropping because it can break,
  • not dipping in cold water since sudden contractions can cause breaking,
  • oiling the screws frequently,
  • cleaning with warm soapy water, rinsing and drying occasionally,

Gas iron

Choice use and care

  • type chosen should be attractively designed,
  • single the match before turning gas on,
  • flame should be regulated and adjusted to required heat before using,
  • switching off and disconnecting after use,
  • cooling and storing in a cool place,

Pressure iron

  • well designed using non-rusting material,
  • Fill reservoir with paraffin and put lid tightly,
  • Pump to apply pressure, light and regulate flame,
  • Switch off after use let out pressure,
  • Cool it and store in a dry clean place,

Dry electric iron

Choice, use and care

  • should have a themostat for controlling the temperature,
  • a well insulated flex cable and pilot indicator that shows when the correct temperature has reached,
  • parts must be firmly fixed and temperature control knob labelled according to fabric,

Care:

  • iron should cool after use,
  • store in a cool dry place,
  • shouldn’t be dropped to prevent damaging the bimetallic strip,
  • a knife shouldn’t be used to scrap off stains instead stains should be rubbed,
  • worn out flex cable should be replaced to prevent shocks,
  • avoid touching the iron with wet hands when ironing,
  • don’t iron wet clothes

Steam iron

It is an electric iron which has a compartment in which water is heated to give steam,

  • it has a lot of holes at the sole to let out steam,
  • it is best for clothes that need dampening eg cotton, linen

types 

  • kettle steam iron it is one where heated water in the reserviour is boiled to give steam.
  • The drip-feed type

One where water falls in steady drops at intervals onto the hot plates in the steam chamber. It is then converted to steam.

LAUNDRY EQUIPMENTS

Choice, use and care of steam iron

NB:- save refer to electric iron

  • should have an option for dry and steam ironing,
  • sole plate should be made of stainless steel,
  • the dealer bought from should be reliable who offers after sale services,
  • it should have a dial knob that shows the point at which it is operated by steam,
  • should have enough vents that are not clogged, NB:- avoid hard water because it clogs them
  • a button for spraying water on small areas should be present
  • the iron should be light in weight and from a renowned manufacturer/reputable one

Flat irons:

  • useful where electricity is not available,
  • it is operated by placing on a source of heat e.g store then used for pressing,
  • NB:- disadvantages is that it is cumbersome since it requires heating each time it cools.

  Storage Equipment

Reasons for proper storage of clothes

  • To prevent them from dust and destructive pests e.g rats, moths etc,
  • To keep them free from dampness that causes rotting and growth of mildew,
  • To keep them off from direct sunlight that causes bleaching of garments and fading of colours, NB:- choice of storage facilities depends on type of clothes to be stored.

Examples of storage facilities

  • wardrobes,
  • chest of drawers,
  • dressing tables,
  • cupboards,
  • suitcases and boxes,
  • improvised storage facilities e.g cartons, bar of wood with hooks/nails baskets etc.

Care and cleaning

  • cleaning regularly,
  • checking stored garments to ensure they are in good condition,
  • rotating clothes in storage so that the same garments are not used so often,
  • lining shelves, cupboards and drawers
  • cartons and baskets should always be placed on raised surfaces to prevent dampness,

Drying equipment

  • some fabrics require drying under a shade/indoors others can be directly on sun,

Clothes line

  • can be a wire/string,
  • it should be firmly held and of a strong material
  • should be on under a shade and another on the sun,

Choice, use and care of clothes line

  •   shouldn’t be of a material that stretches,
  • shouldn’t be one that stains garments,
  • should be strong not to warp under weight of clothes,
  • smooth to avoid damaging clothes,

Care

  • sharp objects should not be used on the line,
  • children should not play with it,
  • it should be cleaned regularly,

Pegs

choice, use and care

  • should have a smooth finish to prevent spoiling clothes,
  • strong ones that don’t come apart easily

care:

  • use only for laundry,
  • store in a bag/tin to prevent losing/damaging

LAUNDRY EQUIPMENTS

ALL HOMESCIENCE NOTES FORM 1-4 WITH TOPICAL QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

PRIMARY NOTES, SCHEMES OF WORK AND EXAMINATIONS

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